There's no syntactic pattern here, so we just have to find a few keywords. I found: "ankom" = "Ant" (appearing in (1) and (2)); "tärko" = "Small Fish" (appearing in (1) and (3)).
Looking at F1:
(12) and (B) are remarkably longer than the others, and they start with "Small Fish" and "tärko" respectively, so they match.
The other sentence containing "tärko", (F), must be (9).
The sentence containing "ankom", (C), must be (8).
Here are the remaining sentences:
(7) It blew down and broke the tree.
(10) But some big fish were trying to kill him.
(11) A catfish was about to swallow him.
(A) Bunkuttang a mäse ngänygäny e dängkamän.
(D) Be ddob kollba ulleulle da gäz e de ada däganeyo.
(E) Llo de duduaibnegnän a dattkaemnegnän.
We need to look for more keywords to match them, preferably concrete nouns and verbs. Here's another with "tree":
(2) Ankom obo ma me daeya llo toko me. Ant was in his house on top of a tree.
Compare with the three sentences above; the only word that repeats is "llo" in (E), so (7) = (E), and "llo" = "tree".
Here's one containing "fish":
(3) Tärko walle me daeya ddob kollba nagnag oba peyang. Small Fish was in the river with some fish friends.
Compare with the remaining two; "ddob kollba" appears in (D), so (10) = (D), and one of "ddob" and "kollba" is "fish". That leaves (11) = (A).
Now we have all the correspondences, we need to look more closely at word-level matching. We don't have to translate each word because the question only asks for a selected few, but it would be nice to get a few more to get a sense of sentence structure.
6 and 7 both mention "wind". They share the word "wel".
3 and 8 both mention "river". They share the word "walle".
8 and 12 both mention "threw". They share the word "daspunän".
The word after "wind" in 6, "ulle", should mean "big". Indeed, it also appears in 10 as "ulleulle". The reduplication may stand for plural. Therefore, the words before "ulleulle", "ddob kollba", mean "some fish". These two words also appear in 3, which are followed by "nagnag", which should be "friends". Indeed, "nag" is also mentioned in 1, which also mentions "friends".
In 6, "wel ulle da gongkamän" must be "a big wind began", leaving only "gongkamän" as "began". Combining with "daspunän", it's reasonable to guess that all words ending in "-än" are verbs. So in 5, "dakonewän" = "covered"; in 7, "duduaibnegnän a dattkaemnegnän" = "blew down and broke"; in 8, "dapisamän" = "tore"; in 9, "dägagän" = "saw", "guinggolän" = "moved closer"; in 11, "dängkamän" = "swallow"; in 12, "gokätaemän" = "splashed", "gogän" = "was saved".
Here are all sentences. The colors represent different parts of speech: red for subjects, green for objects, blue for verbs, and violet for other parts of speech.
Ankom a tärko ubi eragwaeya ddobae ai abal nag dagwaeya.
Ant and Small Fish, they were really very good friends.
Ankom obo ma me daeya llo toko me.
Ant was in his house on top of a tree.
Tärkowalle me daeya ddob kollba nagnag oba peyang.
Small Fish was in the river with some fish friends.
Ttongo ag me däbe ttängäm a säresäremang gogon.
One morning that place was about to rain.
Yäbäd de ddapall käkan da dakonewän.
Clouds covered the sun.
Malla wätali gogon, wel ulle da gongkamän.
It wasn’t long before a big windbegan.
Llo de duduaibnegnän a dattkaemnegnän.
(E) It blew down and brokethe tree.
Ankom bo ma de wel a dapisamän a ankom bom daspunänwalle we.
(C) The windtoreAnt's house and threwAnt into the river.
Tärko da angde ikop dägagän, obo dowae e guinggolän.
(F) When Small Fish saw, he moved closer to him.
Be ddob kollba ulleulle da gäz e de ada däganeyo.
(D) But some big fish were trying to kill him.
Bunkuttang a mäse ngänygäny e dängkamän.
(A) A catfish was about to swallow him.
Tärko da mängalae källa gokätaemän a ine peyang ankom bom towall toko we daspunän a ttam gogän.
(B) Small Fish quickly splashed with his tail, and with water threwAnt on top of the grass, and he was saved.
In F2 and F3, we only have 2 left to translate: "yäbäd" and "catfish" (I didn't explicitly say it, but "and" is obviously "a" from "ant and small fish" and "blew down and broke"). "Yäbäd" only appears in 5; "catfish" only appears in 11.
To understand whether "yäbäd" is "clouds" or "sun", we must understand the word order. Unfortunately, there's no fixed word order: in most cases we have the subject first, but in a few cases we have the object first. But here's a critical observation: in "wel ulle da gongkamän" = "a big wind began", we have the particle "da" unaccounted for. Looking around: in sentences 6–12, whenever we have a red phrase, it's always followed by "da" or "a". So this particle is the subject marker. Inspired by this, when we look at all green phrases, they are all followed by "de" or "bom" (in 8, the whole object is "Ant's house" = "Ankom bo ma"). Therefore, because "yäbäd" is followed by "de", it must be the object "clouds". This also means that "sun" is "ddapall käkan". Similarly, in 11, "bunkuttang" is followed by "a", so it must be the subject "catfish".
Finally, I think F4 is pretty difficult. We already know that "tärko" = "small fish", "kollba" = "fish", "llo" = "tree", "ulleulle" = "big", "wel" = "wind", so none of these words can be in the translation for "Ant got on top of his house.". We also know that "ankom" = "ant" and sort of that "obo ma" = "his house" (based on 2 and 8). That leaves two of "toko", "towall", "me", "we" as "on top of". We have only a few sentences containing these words:
"me"
Ankom obo ma me daeya llo toko me.
Ant was in his house on top of a tree.
Tärkowalle me daeya ddob kollba nagnag oba peyang.
Small Fish was in the river with some fish friends.
Ttongo ag me däbe ttängäm a säresäremang gogon.
One morning that place was about to rain.
"we"
Ankom bo ma de wel a dapisamän a ankom bom daspunänwalle we.
The windtoreAnt's house and threwAnt into the river.
Tärko da mängalae källa gokätaemän a ine peyang ankom bom towall toko we daspunän a ttam gogän.
Small Fish quickly splashed with his tail, and with water threwAnt on top of the grass, and he was saved.
"toko"
Ankom obo ma me daeya llo toko me.
Ant was in his house on top of a tree.
Tärko da mängalae källa gokätaemän a ine peyang ankom bom towall toko we daspunän a ttam gogän.
(B) Small Fish quickly splashed with his tail, and with water threwAnt on top of the grass, and he was saved.
"towall"
Tärko da mängalae källa gokätaemän a ine peyang ankom bom towall toko we daspunän a ttam gogän.
(B) Small Fish quickly splashed with his tail, and with water threwAnt on top of the grass, and he was saved.
The two occurrences of "on top of" both use "toko", so "toko" should be in the translation. "me" and "we" seem to be prepositions. I wouldn't have got this, but both cases of "we" are combined with "threw", so it expresses a dynamic change of location, while "me" is used in a static location. Here "got on" is a dynamic change, so we should use "toko we". If "toko we" is "onto top of", then that leaves "towall" in 12 as "grass".